REIGN OF TERROR AGAINST JUÁREZ WOMEN CONTINUES

by Kent Paterson

Like a nightmarish sequel to a horror movie, macabre scenes of the killing or disappearance of young women in Ciudad Juárez continue to haunt the border city.

The latest victim, 17-year-old Lilia Alejandra García Andrade, was discovered raped and murdered on Feb. 21, in an empty lot situated in a well-traversed section of the city. García, a single mother of two young children, was last reported seen leaving work in the afternoon one week earlier on Valentine's Day. Similar to many other victims, she worked in a maquiladora export plant.

The García killing, which bears the characteristics of dozens of other sex-linked murders in Juárez since 1993, rekindles fears that a serial killer or killers are still preying on Juárez, in spite of several earlier arrests of men that authorities link to many of the killings.

"I believe that a grave danger for women exists in each point of the city," says activist Gullermina González, whose 17-year-old sister, Sagrario González, was murdered in 1998. "I believe that the simple fact of being a woman here is a grave danger," adds González, who coordinates the victim relatives group Voices without Echo.

MOTIVES OPEN TO CONJECTURE

Theories about the motives behind the killings abound, with suspects ranging from porno snuff-film rings to satanic cults to angry machistas driven to rage by the fact that so many women in Juárez, in a break with tradition, are out of the house and competing in the workforce.

More than a few investigators--including the authors of the U.S. Department of State's most recent human rights report on Mexico--conclude that the killings could not have gone on for so long without the connivance or incompetence of police.

Some knowledgeable observers lay the blame on the rapid growth experienced by Juárez, which has quadrupled in population during the past 30 years from about 300,000 to 1.2 million residents, and the social upheavals caused by its low-wage, export-based economy, accompanying family breakdown and constant migration.

"We have not heard testimony about similar incidents in other places," notes Judith Galarza, head of the Venezuela-based Latin American Federation of Associations of Relatives of Detained and Disappeared Persons. "The cases in Juárez are exclusive to the region, which borders the United States and whose main population is made up of campesinos and indigenous people who come from the south and are made up of a great number of women who are going to work in the maquiladora industry," she says. "There's negligence on the part of the authorities, who haven't done an adequate investigation, due to the fact the victims are young and poor."

Others add that a sinister undercurrent of discrimination, violence, and impunity is rendering the population insensitive, and allowing victimizers of women to operate without fear of being caught.

Sandra Luz Gallegos, a former Juárez resident and current press officer for California Assemblyman Tony Cardenas, says she got a taste of the terror this climate foments while driving alone early one morning in 1998 in the Juárez Valley south of the city, a place where murdered women have been discovered. Noticing a car overtaking hers, Gallegos initially thought the vehicle was going to pass her. But much to her dismay, the driver tried to force Gallegos off the road. She managed to evade the aggressor and finally escape, Gallegos says, but not before glimpsing a chilling grin from the man in the car. He had a crazy face, she recalls.

Figures compiled by the Office of the Special Prosecutor for Women's Murders in Ciudad Juárez and reports in the local media indicate that at least 230 women have been killed in Juárez between 1993 and February 2001. While most were slain in domestic disputes or crimes of passion--an alarming statistic in its own right--scores of the killings bear the hallmarks of sex-abuse serial killings.

Lorena Mendoza, a California television producer and activist who has been researching the crimes for five years, claims that an additional 100 women disappeared during the same time period.

THE SHARIF MARIONETTE THEORY

But Suly Ponce, Special Prosecutor for Women's Murders, maintains that the main threat to women in Juárez has been neutralized. Ponce defends a controversial position put forth by the Chihuahua Attorney General's office that numerous murders were stage-managed by a jailed Egyptian engineer, Abdel Latif Sharif Sharif.

Ponce says that following his 1995 arrest for the murder of a young woman, Sharif paid two groups of killers, Los Rebeldes and Los Choferes, detained in 1996 and 1999 respectively, $1,200 for each killing, in order to distract attention from his own guilt.

While Ponce admits that she has no paper trail to prove how the money was transferred and distributed from Sharif's prison cell, she insists--not without xenophobic overtones--that the former maquiladora employee is the intellectual author of numerous murders.

"Perhaps Juárez had the bad luck of receiving a foreigner, an Egyptian, a man who evidently hated the female sex, a sick man, a psychopath," says Ponce. "Perhaps the bad fortune that we had in Juárez was to attract an individual who never deserved to step on Mexican soil."

Last year, a Chihuahua judge reversed Sharif's conviction. The Chihuahua state government filed additional murder charges and the Egyptian national remains in prison--though in a more secure lock-up in the state capital, and far away from his original Juárez jail cell, where Ponce and other local authorities claim he dictated murder commands like a mad puppeteer.

Five members of Los Rebeldes arrested in 1996 have been released from prison. Several others of that group and of Los Choferes are still in prison awaiting sentencing.

INVESTIGATIONS QUESTIONED

Late last month, U.S. news media flashed sensational headlines that announced the detention in Dallas, Texas, of a suspect in 200 murders in Ciudad Juárez. It turned out that the suspect, José Luís Rosales, had been arrested once before, in 1996, as part of the Los Rebeldes raid, and then was freed by a judge. A second suspect connected to the Los Rebeldes cases was reportedly arrested in Phoenix, Arizona, also in February.

Yet the original detentions of Los Rebeldes and Los Choferes have been long criticized by human rights organizations, women's rights activists, and even former officials of the Chihuahua State Human Rights Commission. In addition to their allegations that confessions were extracted under torture, critics charge that the probes were marred by sloppy police work and political expediency designed more to quell public discontent than to solve the cases.

A 1998 report by the Mexican government's National Human Rights Commission recommended that the Chihuahua state attorney general and mayor of Juárez be investigated for negligence.

BLAMING THE VICTIMS

Activists and family members of victims further complain that state and local authorities rubbed salt into the wounds of surviving relatives by downplaying the incidents or suggesting that the slain women were somehow responsible for their own deaths.

Former Chihuahua Gov. Francisco Barrio, who is currently serving as President Vicente Fox's anti-corruption czar, is remembered along the border for his comment that the number of murders of women in Juárez was not abnormal for a city of its size.

Evangelina Arce of the Independent Chihuahua Human Rights Committee, a nonprofit NGO, pounded on the doors of many a police office after her own daughter, 27-year-old Sylvia, who worked as a cosmetics saleswoman, vanished in 1998. Arce asserts that she encountered little help, snide insinuations, and unprofessional conduct.

"Since Sylvia disappeared, the only information that's known about her has come about because of the investigation I've continued to carry out," says Arce. "I found out that another young woman who accompanied Sylvia disappeared with her too. Later on, the authorities were saying that Sylvia was a stripper, a drug addict, and a provocative dresser," Arce adds. "She had a husband and three children, and all this is a lie."

In response to the frequent criticisms leveled against her office, Special Prosecutor Ponce concedes that the investigations were in a state of disarray when she came aboard in November 1998. Compounding the problem was the lack of basic tools for collecting evidence, such as paper bags. Things were so bad, recalls the Juárez lawyer, that government personnel were socializing and smoking near recovered corpses.

But Ponce contends that significant advances have been made under her watch. Trainers from the U.S. FBI and El Paso Police Department were enlisted to assist local police in acquiring investigative skills. Computers and digital maps were obtained, and DNA testing equipment is scheduled to be added to Ponce's inventory later this year.

"We now have sufficient resources to move forward with these investigations," she adds optimistically.

Most importantly, Ponce says, 38 out of the 52 reported women's murder cases that occurred between 1998 and early February 2001 have been solved.

"We're conscious that copy-cats are going to imitate the same (murder) patterns and we're going to be ready," concludes Ponce. "In very little time, I'll have the pleasure of openly saying that in Ciudad Juárez there is not one sex crime."

Only days after Ponce made her remarks, the raped body of Lilia Alejandra García was recovered.

AND THE BEAT GOES ON

Although Ponce stresses that from March 1999 to early February 2001 the rate of murders of women in Juárez declined, at least four young women who fit the profile of victimized women reportedly vanished from the Juárez streets last year. Their names are María Elena Chávez, Veronica Martínez, Elizabeth Nuñez and Guadalupe Luna de la Rosa.

A 19-year-old student at the Technological Institute of Ciudad Juárez, Luna de la Rosa was last believed to have been in the same general area of Juárez where Lilia Alejandra García disappeared and was later found dead.

After Luna de la Rosa disappeared around noon on September 30 of last year, friends, relatives, and fellow students organized a search and demanded that authorities find their loved one. More than 2,000 students and staff from the women's school staged a march last fall through Juárez streets.

Brigades scoured the city's main thoroughfares, passing out flyers bearing Luna de la Rosa's picture. A police helicopter responded with a desert fly-over, and a specially trained dog was called in to sniff remote places on the edge of Juárez where other bodies previously had been found.

Months later, the young woman's parents are heartbroken with no news.

"There's nothing," sighs Guadalupe's father, Epitasio Luna. And Celia de la Rosa de Luna, Guadalupe's mother, says her family was the target of extortion attempts in the wake of Guadalupe's disappearance. Inferring that another daughter would be the next disappeared victim, one anonymous caller demanded $10,000. The distraught mother is baffled as to why her young daughter vanished when her life was just beginning.

"We didn't have money, we didn't have enemies," she says. "I never thought this could happen in the middle of the day on a Saturday."

NGOs MOBILIZE

Once publicized to the world, the Juárez killings attracted the attention of Amnesty International and the UN. Hunger strikes, marches, and legislative resolutions protested the murders. But beginning last fall, nongovernmental groups on both sides of the U.S.-Mexican border joined up to initiate a new round of mobilizations.

Meeting in Albuquerque, New Mexico, in early November, members of the Southwest Network for Environmental and Economic Justice staged a loud demonstration in front of the city's Mexican Consulate. Several weeks later, members of the Border Regional Coalition, a group of activist groups from Texas, Chihuahua, and New Mexico, sponsored a march and ceremony in downtown Juárez, in memory of the victims. And early this year, a coalition of California groups organized a public protest and news conference in Los Angeles. Representatives of long-established organizations, including Mothers of East LA, Carecen, and Hermandad Mexicana, pleaded for justice in the murder cases.

Some now hope that Mexican President Vicente Fox will act on the Juárez violence.

"We expect a response from him," says Juana Gutíerrez, co-founder and president of Mothers of East LA.

Meanwhile, in Juárez, organizers now plan to put the issue of the murdered women on the agenda of a major binational summit scheduled for this coming summer in the border city, where a wide array of nongovernmental groups are expected to gather.

Micaela Solís, a Juárez performance artist who has choreographed a skit about the femicide in her city, traveled to Albuquerque to protest the killings and carry the call for justice across borders.

"It's been said that Ciudad Juárez is the laboratory of modernization and globalization," says Solís. "The city is growing in a monstrous way without any planning. It's being filled with poor people who don't have anything to eat in the rest of Mexico. Many arrive with the hope of working in the United States, which is a big risk itself, since many die here too.

"Many of the daughters of these families who are just in search of something to eat are being murdered. Nobody is stopping it," she notes. "It's a monster that has one thousand heads and none at the same time. It's still not known where this phenomenon is coming from."

Kent Paterson is a freelance journalist based in Albuquerque and a frequent contributor to borderlines.

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BATTLE FOR THE COLORADO RIVER DELTA

by Jonathan Treat

It's not too late to avert the complete destruction of the fragile ecosystem of the Colorado River delta, say environmentalists in the Southwest. Green groups like the Glen Canyon Action Network and Living Rivers say that even a minimum of water flowing through the parched landscape could halt the decline in the birds, fish, and wildlife in the area, and rejuvenate the delta's marshlands and estuary system. Embracing that possibility, local, national, and international environmental organizations have begun a campaign to raise awareness of the crisis facing the delta. And they are calling for the people and agencies that use the Colorado River's water to make a tangible commitment--giving back one percent of their water allocations to help restore the delta.

The Glen Canyon Action Network and Living Rivers recently announced its "Sustainable Water Project Tour: Nine Days, Six Cities, One Percent"--a traveling road show with the goal of enlisting support needed to obtain restorative flows of water to the delta region. The tour, on the road March 5-14, will visit Salt Lake City, Albuquerque, Phoenix, Las Vegas, Blyth, California, and Los Angeles. Participants will promote water conservation in the Rio Colorado watershed and encourage water agencies to donate 1 percent of their water allocations for the delta's restoration. More than 20 national and international organizations are participating in the action to save the valuable bioregion.

The United States uses about 90% of the river's water--roughly 13.5 million acre-feet per year. Mexico takes the rest of the flow--about 1.5 million acre-feet. Unless there is an unusual amount of rainfall, as in an El Nino year, almost no fresh water reaches the Gulf of California. By the time water of the once deep and powerful Colorado River reaches the delta region today, its flow has been reduced to a trickle. The dearth of water is killing the desert ecosystem. A recent study found evidence that marine life in the ailing California River delta region has declined by 95 percent since the 1930s.

But scientists estimate that initiating the restoration of the internationally acclaimed bioregion could happen with a minimal amount of water--less than one percent of the river's average annual flow. Occasional floodwaters over the past 20 years have prevented the delta from drying up completely and have even brought some improvements to the ecosystem there. That gives environmentalists hope. One of the main obstacles they face is unifying the community of Colorado River water users to pursue a solution to the environmental destruction in the area.

Activists in the United States and Mexico hope the "One Percent for the Delta" campaign will raise awareness of the environmental crisis in the delta region and galvanize support for tangible and concrete restoration efforts. They believe the six-city action also will send a strong message to the governments of the United States and Mexico that there is growing support for and consensus that the Colorado River, the delta wetlands, and the northern Gulf of California can and must be restored.

One note of discord occurred when the Sierra Club's Colorado River Task Force declined signing the "One Percent" sign-on letter. Steve Glazer, the Task Force's director, recently wrote to an online email list to explain the decision, saying: "We support the campaign highlighting the need to conserve water and encourage all activists concerned about river management and aquatic species protection to promote water conservation as a component off environmental protection. We are not signing the "1% letter" and we are asking other Sierra Club entities not to sign the letter because of a number of complex issues it raises. It is not up to the entities being asked to deliver water to the delta. The states, the State Department, the Bureau of Reclamation and Mexico (and maybe the courts) will decide whether additional water can and will be delivered to the Delta. That is not to say that those being asked do not have a role to play. We are just saying we do not think it is useful for us to sign."

Mexico and the United States recently met and signed an agreement to study options for the possible restoration of the Colorado River delta. Representatives at the talks recently said they are exploring common goals and priorities, but have yet to agree on any specific actions.

A coalition of U.S. and Mexican environmentalist groups recently filed suit in a federal district court in Washington, DC to force the Reclamation Bureau to study the effects of diverting the Colorado River's flow from the plants and wildlife in the delta region. In a recent Los Angeles Times article, David Hogan, a delta advocate who coordinates the rivers program for the Center for Biological Diversity in Tucson and Berkeley, says he wants the government to allocate funding to restore and protect species in the delta region, and not simply continue to throw money at urban interests. His group wants the government to simulate the flooding natural to the delta area by releasing a quarter-million acre-feet of water through the river system. And environmentalists want to see a small but constant flow in the river year-round. To do that, they will have to convince the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation not to give southwestern cities more than their current allocations by capturing the extra flow during rainy seasons and diverting that water to urban users.

Environmentalists hope that more studies and continued actions such as the "Sustainable Water Project Tour" can lead to the awareness that even modest increases in the amount of water flowing through the Colorado River basin can bring dramatic improvements in the health of the delta ecosystem--and that this vision can be made real.

Jonathan Treat, a journalist who has lived and worked extensively in Mexico and Central America, is a regular writer for borderlines.

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RESULTS OF BAG WORKERS ELECTION
DURO FOR INDEPENDENT UNION BACKERS

by Talli Nauman

In what activists considered the first failure of the new Mexican presidential administration to prove its commitment to increasing Mexican democracy, an election to choose a union at the Duro Bag Company in Rio Bravo, Tamaulipas, took place without secret balloting on March 2.

Since the federal labor board had denied organizers of the independent National Workers Union (UNT) federation their request for secret ballots, Martha Ojeda, executive director of the San Antonio, Texas-based Coalition for Justice in the Maquiladoras (CJM), said, "With this shockingly undemocratic election, the new [President Vicente] Fox administration has made it crystal clear that it has no intention of reforming Mexico's corrupt system of government and company-dominated unions."

The Mexican labor secretariat had no immediate response to the election.

Despite a lengthy international campaign in support of the UNT local Union of Duro Bag Workers to secure both federal recognition and the election for the sole right to represent employees in collective bargaining, only four voters marked ballots for the independent organization.

The other 498 opted for the Cardboard and Paper Workers Union affiliated with the CROC federation, which will now replace the Paper and Cardboard Workers Union of the CTM federation; both are long famed for sweetheart contracts that exclude membership participation.

Yet the low turnout for UNT came as no surprise and small wonder to observers of the election process, who had witnessed a year of intimidation and firings of pro-UNT employees at the plant that makes gift bags for Hallmark and other U.S. clients.

"I think we were all appalled at the total lack of pretense of even minimal fairness in this election." said Judy Ancel, an educator from Kansas City, who was among 39 election-day observers from Canada, the United States, and Mexico.

The CROC, allegedly with support from the company, provided about 100 thugs to terrorize Duro workers in the weeks before the election, according to CJM. The day before the election, organizers and supporters watched in disbelief as thugs unloaded automatic weapons from a car at the plant gate and very conspicuously carried them into the plant, it said.

Observers and media were refused admittance to the plant during balloting, but a six-member union committee monitoring the election reported restrictions placed on employees who wanted to vote, as well as voting by others who were not entitled to take part in the election.

Of course, this was only the latest round in the struggle that has cost 150 workers their jobs since last year. Responding to the elections, Duro worker Sylvia Martínez said activists will keep organizing in order to achieve workplace health, safety, and other rights.

"They are the losers and we are the winners, because we won our dignity," she told CJM.

Talli Nauman is managing editor of the borderlines UPDATER.

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BORDERLINKS SEEKS U.S. DIRECTOR

BorderLinks, a binational and ecumenical organization offering experiential education seminars and community development projects on the Arizona-Sonora border, is seeking applicants for the position of U.S. director. Qualified applicants will be fluent in Spanish and English, bi-cultural, and have significant experience in organizational management, participatory decisionmaking, and program and administration oversight. Position will be based in Tucson, Arizona.

See the job description, application process, and more about BorderLinks at www.borderlinks.org, or contact us at (520) 628-8263.

BorderLinks U.S. Director

Job Description:

• Full-Time
• Salary Range: $20,000 to $30,000, full family health care plan, pension benefits after one year.
• Location: 1040 E. Speedway, Tucson, AZ 85719
• Reports to: Executive Director
• Function: Oversees all employees, program and administrative functions in the United States.

General Functions:

• To help BorderLinks' staff develop and implement appropriate organizational structures to manage its work effectively as it grows.
• To work in coordination with the Executive and Mexico Directors to support staff in implementing programs that will fulfill BorderLinks' mission.
• To attend Board Meetings and work cooperatively with the Board to assure healthy and positive relationships between the board and staff.
• To provide oversight of all day-to-day managerial and supervisory functions of BorderLinks operations on the U.S. side of the border.

Duties:

• Program vision/implementation
• Staff coordination, supervision, and support
• Administrative oversight
• Planning and budgeting

Qualifications Desired:

• Master's level degree in a related field or minimum of 10 years' job experience in organizational development and nonprofit program implementation and administration
• Experience with preparation and oversight of budgets in excess of $300,000
• Bilingual Spanish/English
• Comfortable working in a progressive, faith-based, and ecumenical environment
• Comfortable in both Latin and North American Cultures
• Strong experience in program design and implementation
• Demonstrated ability to foster participatory decisionmaking models and team building
• Experience in conflict resolution
• Commitment to social justice and experiential education
• History of commitment to U.S.-Latin American relationships and concerns
• Leadership skills, creative thinking, and demonstrated ability to follow through on tasks
• Commitment to soliciting cross-sector participation across boundaries of class, race, gender, political opinion, nationality, and culture
• Sense of humor and ability to maintain stability in moments of crisis
• Self-confidence, intelligence, and diplomacy to facilitate effective interaction that is respectful of people's interests and concerns
• Willingness to travel
• Proficiency with Microsoft Office 97
• Familiarity with computerized accounting, and reading and interpreting spreadsheets and budgets

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SOURCES FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Juárez Women

Autonomous University of Ciudad Juárez
Papers from a binational conference on the violence against women held in 2000. In Spanish only.
http://www.uacj.mx/mujeres/

Casa Amiga Centro de Crisis
Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico
Tel: +(52 16) 15-38-50
Email: echavez@infosel.net.mx
Web: http://www.casa-amiga.org/

Chihuahua Independent Human Rights Committee
Prof. Ernesto Ontiveros
Tel: +(52-16) 12-48-90

Chihuahua State Attorney General's office
Tel. in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico: +(52 16) 29-33-00, 15-15-26, 15-80-00
Email: cerot@buzon.chihuahua.gob.mx
Web: http://www.chihuahua.gob.mx/pgje/

Grupo Feminista Ocho de Marzo
Chihuahua City, Chihuahua, Mexico
Tel. +(52 14)-14-73-77
Email: irmacamp@chih1.telmex.net.mx

Frontera Norte/Sur Special Coverage
http://www.nmsu.edu/~frontera/oct00/main.html

Justice for the Women of Juárez
Lorena Mendez
Tel: (818) 842-3895

Mothers of East Los Angeles
Juana Gutierrez
Tel: (323) 269-9898

Promujer-l
listserv for women's rights advocates in the El Paso-Ciudad Juárez area. To subscribe or get more information email: mmolloy@lib.nmsu.edu

Southwest Network for Environmental and Economic Justice
Tel: (505) 242-0416

Special Prosecutor for Women's Murders
Ciudad Juárez, Mexico
Tel: +(52 16) 29-33-33

1999 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Mexico
http://www.state.gov/www/global/human_rights/1999_hrp_report/mexico.html

Colorado River Delta

Center for Biological Diversity (CBD)
Web: http://www.sw-center.org/

Defenders of Wildlife
Web: http://www.defenders.org/

Kara Gillon, "The Lower Colorado River Basin: Challenges of Transboundary Ecosystem Management," borderlines vol. 8, no. 6, July 2001.
http://www.us-mex.org/borderlines/2000/bl68/bl68rivbasin.html

Glen Canyon Action Network
Web: http://www.drainit.org/

Pacific Institute
Web: http://www.pacinst.org/

Sierra Club Colorado River Task Force
Contact: Steve Glazer, Chair
Email: sglazer@csn.net

Duro Election

Carlos Abascal, Mexican labor secretary
Email: cabascal@stps.gob.mx
Web: http://www.stps.gob.mx/

Campaign for Labor Rights
Tel: (202) 544-9355
Email: clrmain@afgj.org

Coalition for Justice in the Maquiladoras
Tel: (210) 240-1084
Martha Ojeda: Cjm@igc.org
Judith Ancel: jancel@igc.org

"The Real Face of Worker Rights Under New Fox Government in Mexico: Gangster Unions"
http://www.summersault.com/~agj/clr/alerts/laborbulletinduroworkersterrorizedduringunionelection.html

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BORDER & U.S.-MEXICO HEADLINES OF INTEREST
FROM AROUND THE WEB

"FIGHT TO END CORRUPTION MEETS UP WITH REALITY"
El Paso Times, March 8, 2001
http://www.borderlandnews.com/stories/borderland/20010308-91119.shtml

"MUCH OF TIJUANA WITHOUT WATER"
San Diego Union Tribune, March 8, 2001
http://www.uniontrib.com/news/mexico/20010308-9999_1m8water.html

"SE 'PIERDE' EL 27% DEL AGUA EN CIUDAD JUAREZ"
El Diario de Juárez, March 8, 2001
http://www.diario.com.mx/juarez/nota1.html

"U.S. WON'T MEET MEXICAN TRUCK DEADLINE. BUT OFFICIALS OPTIMISTIC POLICY ON SAFETY RULES CAN BE COMPLETED SOON"
Associated Press, March 8, 2001
http://www.chron.com/cs/CDA/story.hts/business/843291

"TRUCKING DEBATE CONTINUES"
Dallas Morning News, Mar. 7, 2001
http://www.dallasnews.com/world/mexico/304601_mextrucks_07bu.html

"ARIZONANS JOIN CALL FOR SHIFT IN DRUG WAR"
Arizona Republic, March 05, 2001
http://arizonarepublic.com/news/articles/0305drugcert05.html

"CORN TOXIN EXAMINED IN BORDER BIRTH DEFECTS"
The Dallas Morning News, March 4, 2001
http://www.dallasnews.com/science/health/302523_toxiccorn_met04.html

"DRUG CZAR DEMOTED? POST STILL VACANT AMID HINTS IT WILL LOSE CABINET RANK"
The Week Online with DRCNet, March 3, 2001
http://www.drcnet.org/wol/175.html#drugczarpost

"FOX AIMS TO IMPROVE MEXICO'S ENERGY"
AP Online, March 3, 2001
http://library.northernlight.com/EC20010303440000024.html?cb=0&dx=1006&sc=0#doc

"MEXICO SEEKS LOWER FEES ON FUNDS SENT FROM U.S."
New York Times, March 3, 2001
http://www.nytimes.com/2001/03/03/world/03MEXI.html?ex=984639893&ei=1&en=2f05b1c37953d48f

"OPEN UNION VOTE FLOUTS MEXICO'S PLEDGE TO BOOST SECRET BALLOTING"
Los Angeles Times, March 3, 2001
http://www.latimes.com/business/20010303/t000018810.html

"MEXICAN CARRIERS SEEK TO ENTER THE U.S.," "PEMEX SEEKS PRIVATE PARTICIPATION IN PETROCHEMICALS," and "CFE SELLS OF ELECTRICITY TO CALIFORNIA"
Mexican Intelligence Report Vol. 4 No. 2, Feb. 2001
http://www.mex-i-co.com/

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About BIOS and the Interhemispheric Resource Center (IRC)

Published by the Interhemispheric Resource Center’s Border Information and Outreach Service (BIOS), the borderlines UPDATER is an ezine intended to promote discussion and awareness of key issues related to the U.S.-Mexico cross-border relationship. BIOS is committed to dialog and debate in the spirit of cross-border cooperation. As a result, we have opened the UPDATER up to views that are not exclusively our own. Only articles authored by our own staffers represent BIOS views.

BIOS is a project of the Interhemispheric Resource Center (IRC), a nonprofit policy studies center founded in 1979. We work to provide citizens in the U.S.-Mexico borderlands with information and analysis they can use to make informed decisions, play a role in debates on public policy, and act as instruments for social change and to feed the on-the-ground experiences of the border community into decisionmaking circles. BIOS funding is provided by The Ford Foundation, the Charles Stewart Mott Foundation, and the Kellogg Foundation.

For more information, email borderlinesfaq@irc-online.org or visit http://www.us-mex.org/bios/

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